9 in 10 individual F&O traders still lose money. Amsterdam wrote the same story down in 1688.
About ₹244 crore a day, every trading day, for three years. That is SEBI's FY22–24 aggregate divided by the NSE calendar, and the daily rate nearly doubled along the way.
In FY26, SEBI published that individuals' gross trading loss was about ₹72,000 crore, and the five categories that made money booked about ₹72,000 crore between them. Before costs those are the same number.
The behaviour behind it was described in print in 1688.

